顶上：英语测试的几种小错误

　　SAT/ACT英语（ACT English）测试都要求学生处理关于语法的问题和关于整体修辞方法使用的问题。有划线部分的段落将出现在页面的左侧；问题会出现在段落右边。下面的例子来自于SAT/ACT,它将问题与他们的段落的位置保持一致,从而导致段落间出现空白。

　　虽然英语包括复杂的使用网络，方言和特殊的个人偏好，但英语测试旨在解释一些有限的语法规定。这对准备那些考试的学生来说是好消息。我们识别并列出了在SAT/ACT考试中最常出现的10种语法错误。

　　最常出现的几种语法错误：

　　以下几个错误涵盖了几乎所有ACT的标准语法规定问题，所附示例仅用于说明错误，不代表实际考试问题和难度；每一点的句斜体句是有错误的，第二句才是正确的。

　　➤Pronouns代词问题

　　Each of the trees had dropped their leaves.

　　Each of the trees had dropped its leaves.

　　Each of the trees强调每一棵树，是单数概念而their是复数概念。所以在指代时应用its。

　　➤Verb Tense and Agreement动词时态一致

　　I planted vegetables last year,but a late frost kills my tomatoes.

　　I planted vegetables last year,but a late frost killed my tomatoes.

　　本句结构为but引导的并列句，前句给出planted为过去式，后句时态应保持一致，用过去式killed。

　　➤Pronouns代词问题

　　Each of the trees had dropped their leaves.

　　Each of the trees had dropped its leaves.

　　Each of the trees强调每一棵树，是单数概念而their是复数概念。所以在指代时应用its。

　　➤Idioms习惯用语

　　Choosing where to apply about college is a difficult process for high school students.

　　Choosing where to apply to college is a difficult process for high school students.

　　apply作为不及物动词搭配to使用，意思为申请…。

　　➤Sentence Fragments句子分段

　　While Charlie was at the beach to enjoy the sunshine and the ocean breeze.

　　While Charlie was at the beach,he enjoyed the sunshine and the ocean breeze.

　　由while引导的状语从句放在句首时，应用逗号和主句分隔开，标志从句结束。

　　➤Comma Splices逗号拼接

　　I moved to Washington when I was seven,my brother followed a year later.

　　I moved to Washington when I was seven,and my brother followed a year later.

　　英语句法上规定，每个句子有且仅可以有一个动词，而无论句子中有多少个逗号，本质还是一个句子。因此在句中出现了两个动词，是错误的。应改为and引导的并列句。

　　➤Parallel Structure平行结构

　　The subjects Shana likes best are biology,physics,and studying French.

　　The subjects Shana likes best are biology,physics,and French.

　　句中由and引导并列,前两个被并列成分为biology／physics所以为了格式应保持一致，应为French。

　　➤Conjunctions连接词

　　Thomas had been walking for miles,so he finally spotted his campsite in the distance.

　　Thomas had been walking for miles when he finally spotted his campsite in the distance.

　　he finally spotted his campsite in the distance句意上应为Thomas had been walking for miles这件事发生的时间，连接词改为when。如果两句之间用so连接，前句应为后句的结果。

　　➤Faulty Modification错误改正

　　Leaping from the window onto the roof,Grandma was delighted by the cat’s agility.

　　Leaping from the window onto the roof,the cat delighted Grandma with its agility.

　　在Leaping from the window onto the roof这个部分，Leaping这个动词发出者被省略，但是只有在发出者和主句动词发出者一致时才能省略。Leaping这个动词发出者为cat而不是grandma，所以做以上更正。

　　➤Frequently Confused Words高频率混淆单词

　　I completed all of the summer reading accept the Jane Austen novel.

　　I completed all of the summer reading except the Jane Austen novel.

　　本题考查形近词，音近词辨析。accept，动词，意思为接受。而except，介词，意思为除了…。

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